Sickle Cell Anemia

Introduction to Sickle Cell Anemia: Sickle cell anemia is a genetic blood disorder that affects the shape of red blood cells, causing them to become rigid and sickle-shaped. This abnormality can lead to blockages in blood flow, causing pain and organ damage.

Causes and Genetics: Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation in the HBB gene, which affects hemoglobin production. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning a child must inherit two copies of the mutated gene to develop the condition.

Symptoms: Common symptoms include anemia, episodes of pain (sickle cell crises), swelling in the hands and feet, frequent infections, and delayed growth. Severe cases can lead to complications like stroke, acute chest syndrome, and organ damage.

Diagnosis and Treatment: Diagnosis is typically confirmed through blood tests, including a hemoglobin electrophoresis test. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications, and may include medications, blood transfusions, and bone marrow transplants.

Living with Sickle Cell Anemia: Patients should receive regular medical care, stay hydrated, avoid extreme temperatures, and manage stress. Genetic counseling is recommended for families with a history of the disease.